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The role of belief in knowledge (APPLIED EPISTEMOLOGY)
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Mick Harper
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Not that any of this will happen. Not only because the Community Notes system is not being applied in Yerp by Facebook but because, even if it was, our footprint doesn't rise to the status of hoofprint. Let's face it, we're just not important enough.

That is something I've been meaning to address. More on this anon.
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Mick Harper
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Conspiracy theorists have just taken power in Washington D.C. Which is laid out in a grid pattern designed by the Illuminati.

So this is a good moment to consider how you decide on what you believe. The theory is that God (or evolution or ‘other’) has given you a brain and five senses. You use your senses to hoover up information about the world and then your brain uses a complex system of synapses to decide what it all means.

Fairly early on in life you discover this to be a remarkably inefficient way of doing things and you switch over to an indirect system which consists of listening to authority figures who tell you what’s what, what they tell you is laid down in synapses in your brain and you agree with them that’s what it all means. When you reach adolescence you discover

It’s not quite as simple as that.

There are competing views among authority figures about what’s what. Since your synapses are a set of on/off gates, it is not possible to hold competing views in your brain, so you will have to start choosing, as it were

which authority figures will be your authority figures.

You could, if you so wished, take each belief in turn, select the authority figure that makes most sense to you about that belief and end up with an astonishingly diverse array of beliefs. This runs into two problems

1. It is unbelievably hard work. You discover, somewhat to your chagrin, that beliefs are not that important compared to getting a job, acquiring a mate, passing on your genes via ‘children’ and so on and so forth.

2. But beliefs are hugely important when it comes to being a ‘social animal’ which God (or evolution or ‘other’) has dictated you are. Generally speaking, you are welcomed by people holding the same beliefs as you but shunned by people who hold different beliefs. If you have chosen the ‘astonishingly diverse array’ strategy you will, by definition, disagree with everyone about an astonishingly large number of things and you will be universally shunned.

Since everyone is potentially in this boat, human beings would not be social animals if human beings selected for themselves what to believe on an individual basis. The present world would contain eight billion people shunning 7,999,999 people. So human beings have devised a way of coping with billions of individuals, each with a distinct brain.

Beliefs are packaged.

When you reach adolescence you find there are a number of these packages on offer and by choosing a ‘popular’ package you are
(1) saved the hard graft of having to choose each time what you believe about any given belief and
(2) guaranteed to be acceptable to a large pool of friends, acquaintances, potential mates and so on and so forth.

The big drawback to this system is that society will likely end up as a congeries of warring packages, each shunning all the other packages (to put it mildly) and hence society will soon cease to be a society.

So there are über-beliefs.

Ones everyone in a given society believes, over and above the packages, and that together are sufficient to ensure packaged strife is kept to levels which allow society as a whole to motor along. Each society has its own set and, since each society has sufficient force to maintain law and order in the ordinary law and order sense, it has sufficient force to ensure uniformity of über-beliefs.

The big drawback to this system is that if everyone has already gone through the packaging system there is no-one left

to über the über-beliefs.

* Individuals cannot ask their own synapses to start changing their own synapses
* Societies are hardly likely to appoint individuals with the special task of challenging beliefs that are holding society together
* In any case, what beliefs? Uber-beliefs do not advertise themselves as über-beliefs — most of them come in the guise of being ‘self-evidently true’.

Yet they do have to be challenged.

Not only in the elementary sense that all human beliefs are fallible and ought to be challenged from time to time but in an über-sense. All human beliefs exist because they seem true to the brain-and-senses, but über-beliefs exist for the purpose of maintaining societal order not because they seem true to the brain-and-senses.

It helps if they are but there is no-one to say if they aren’t.

That’s all for now. I’m sure your brain hurts as much as mine but you’re not trained to enjoy it.
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Mick Harper
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The Pursuit of Wisdom
The word ‘wisdom’ has acquired a lot of unnecessary baggage


Too high falutin’, too old-fashioned, too subjective. But really it just boils down to ‘sound judgement’. Now if you are thinking ‘Oh, is that all?’ then think again. That is the one thing most people are incapable of.

* Are there wise plumbers? No, there are good and bad plumbers.
* Are there wise philosophers? No, there are good and bad philosophers.

* There are plumbers who are wise but a good plumber is one who is well-trained, meticulous and cheap.
* There are philosophers who are wise but a good philosopher is one who is well-trained, original and useful.
* Wisdom is not a job requirement.

Wisdom is available to anyone who wants it but it is not necessary for a long, productive and happy life. So not many seek it. If you do, listen up.

Let us take a recent event for which you have the same amount of information as everyone else. Elon Musk waving his arms around. You have to use ‘sound judgment’ to decide whether he was making a Nazi salute or not. These are your options:

(1) He didn’t mean to do so. Since it would be vastly to Mr Musk’s demerits and had no obvious advantage for him, it was an accident arising from his well-known brio.
(2) He meant it. It was some kind of coded (or indeed overt) signal to his followers and sympathisers. Or he sort of half-meant it, or it became one, as a gesture of derision or combativeness to his critics. Something.
(3) I don’t know.

Which of these would be an example of ‘sound judgement’?

We can speedily dispense with (3). People can acquire the reputation for wisdom by appearing to be judicious in situations where ‘the full facts’ are not known but this is not applicable here since only an opinion is being sought. Anyone who said, ‘I don’t know’ is either chickening out or, more likely, not wishing to court unpopularity with whomsoever they are speaking.

(1) is clearly a fully rational position and would constitute ‘sound judgement’ though that does not make it true. (2) is less likely (in my judgement) but still within the parameters of ‘sound judgement’ to make (in my judgement). So where does the ‘wisdom/unwisdom’ come in?

It is the attitude you adopt to (2) if you are (1) or (1) if you are (2).

If an air of hostility is somewhere in your thoughts, it indicates you are bringing something to the table outside the parameters of the question. You are either of a generally anti-Musk cast of mind or a generally pro-Musk one.

You are not being wise.

It is immaterial that in fact there is a very great correlation between adopting (1) and being pro-Musk or adopting (2) and being anti-Musk. That is their problem and hostility would not be appropriate on your part. They cannot help themselves. Some degree of forbearance, even sympathy, is called on from you.

You will have noted that I myself am firmly in the (1) camp. But the difference is that I have forbearance, even sympathy, for you all.
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Boreades


In: finity and beyond
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Beliefs are packaged


Those packages of beliefs become brand names.

Which then have a strange similarity to supermarket brand names. With very similar social snobbery and a plethora of potential pitfalls. Like going shopping in Lidl with a Waitrose carrier bag. or trying to use your Tesco Club Points in Sainsbury.

We might also notice that even philosophers are prone to tribalism or football club-isms.
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Mick Harper
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That is entirely correct. You cannot be a Marxist and working class for example. You'd have the piss taken out of you something wicked darn the pub.
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Mick Harper
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The nub of it all
How do you stop believing one thing and start believing another?


Being sentient creatures we are supposed to do this all the time. The ability to learn from stimuli in the external world in order to change what we think and hence what we do is what marks us out from the beasts, stuck with their combination of instinctive and copied behaviour.

Don’t you adam-and-eve it. You are pure animal. Your beliefs are still the ones authority figures imparted to you on your journey from toddler to late adolescence.

* You may have honed these assumptions.
* You may have expanded them, modernised them, reformed them to within an inch of their sorry lives.
* You may, in a few cases, have flipped them over to their mirror state.
* But they are manifestly the same beliefs you hold right now and
* You regard them as being self-evidently true or as near as human ingenuity can make them
* So there is no reason to change them.

It is irrelevant whether you believe any of this because it is a simple matter of brain chemistry, and you and I share a knowledge of brain chemistry. The simple fact is

your brain is not designed by nature to change your mind. Not about anything major.

Your brain is designed to cope with the manifold situations you face in life, as they arise. That requires a complex brain working at or near peak efficiency and would not be the case if your brain was

busy replacing a major synapse because the owner of the brain wishes to stop believing something and to start believing something else

because changing a major synapse inevitably requires

tests being carried out on all connecting synapses to see whether they still fit with the new one.

Given the cause-and-effect connectedness of knowledge, some of them definitely will not. It wouldn’t be very major if they did. Which means

your brain remaining unavailable while new connecting synapses are forged.

Given the nature of networks, all these new synapses will have to be tested for compatibility too, meaning

your brain will be unavailable indefinitely inspecting and if necessary replacing more and more synapses

as the changes — or the decisions not to change them — cascade through all the relevant parts of your cortex and, given the nature of the human brain, this means

dropping down dead because so much of your brain will be busy testing, discarding and replacing cortex circuitry, it won’t have anything left over to keep your autonomic body functions going.

Do you want that? Do you really, really want to drop down dead? Probably not. So if you’ve got an ounce of common sense, you’ll stick with what you’ve got and be thankful for it. But just one thing. Just as a favour to me.

Could you please stop pretending you’re anything more than an unthinking twat who mouths twatty things you picked up when you were a twatty adolescent?

You can pretend you’re all grown up to one another. You’ve got to breed and stuff, I understand all that. Just don’t bend my ear because

I’ve been on a course that makes it possible to change your mind without general paralysis of the brain.

No, wait. That would mean you believing something you didn’t believe before, wouldn’t it? Bugger. Back to the drawing board.
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Pete Jones


In: Virginia
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Mick Harper wrote:
The In the Pub with M J Harper story (on the previous page) has had an interesting backwash, AE-wise. The exchange here is between me and Pete Jones, something of a fan of mine (he even claims to have read RevHist)


"Claims"?? Sheeeeeeit, I read it twice (but I read lots of things twice, so, easy there)
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Mick Harper
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Whoops! I just posted it up again in the Brain/Mind thread. But as you say, reading things twice is a sine qua non. That's why I deliberately posted it up twice.
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